Cities-
Self-organization appears at many different levels of organization or as spontaneous order. Scientists have discovered common characteristics of such divers complex systems as a termite mound, human brains, and computer softwares. Self-organization occurs by individuals' higher level of behavior through spontaneously mutual responses without any schemes or inclusive controls from the center.
In philosophy, systems theory, science, and art, emergence is the way complex systems and patterns arise out of a multiplicity of relatively simple interactions. Emergence is central to the theories of integrative levels and of complex systems.
A city is sometimes compared with an organism. In fact, It is a procedure of where no planning or zoning entity predetermines the layout of the city. Architects and landscapers may not design all the pathways of a complex of buildings. Instead they might let usage patterns emerge and then place pavement where pathways have become worn in.
London, as a place which has been overlapped with lots of traces in the flow of history, shows divers emerged layers of the arising of novel and coherent structures, patterns and properties during the process of self-organization in its huge complex system.
The Nature-
Termite mounds appear to be constructed by "intelligent" cooperation. The sometimes elaborate galleries and chimneys control air flow to manage temperature and humidity. But individual termites have no more notion of how to build a nest than a starling does of how to lead a flock. Individual termites cannot even perceive the overall shape of a nest (the workers are blind) let alone direct its "design." Instead, termites respond to very local chemical cues left behind by other termites and to temperature/humidity and airflow cues that are affected by the shape of the nest, wind currents, the amount of heat generated within the nest and other local phenomena. The termite's behavior affects the shape of the nest and the shape of the nest affects the termite's behavior. In that sense, the nest is a bit like a flock of starlings in very slow motion.
Language-
A central component of human language, emerges dynamically during linguistic evolution. Language, as it has done from the beginong, changes. Language is not a series of grammatical rules but a reflection of the time. Meanings bary, synonyms are introduced and new words are created more than we might think. Language absorbs, grows and adapts. In order to keep up with an ever-changing language, soceity needs to accept the change. This is an exaple of linguistic emergence which spontaneously generate organized structures in language evolition.
Graphic Design-
Tpye Identity:
Since its inception, the Walker Art Center has embraced design not only as a programming activity but also as an important element in forming its public image. In the early 1990s, the Walker sought to more openly reflect its multidisciplinary programs and culturally diverse audiences. In this spirit of self-examination and shifting demographics, Matthew Carter was commissioned to design a new typeface to mirror the changing institution. The main idea for the new typeface was that a type-face could be an identity flexible enough to reflect the variety of the institution's activities.
The resulting design, entitled Walker, is a variable typeface whose ultimate look and feel is determined by the designer. Walker is intended for headline purposes and thus exists as an all caps alphabet. In its base form it is a bold sans serif. What distinguishes Walker from any other font are its "snap-on" serifs. By using various computer keystroke commands, the designer can choose among five different types of serifs to attach to any character. In addition, horizontal rules can be placed above and below letters to underline and/or "overline" text. The Walker typeface provides a distinctive look that affords great variability in its composition. Conceptually, it represents a revision of modernist typography insofar as it focuses attention on the space between letters, words, and lines of text.